[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.spov.cz\/zlomem-bylo-britske-osmnacte-stoleti\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.spov.cz\/zlomem-bylo-britske-osmnacte-stoleti\/","headline":"Zlomem bylo \u201ebritsk\u00e9\u201c osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9 stolet\u00ed","name":"Zlomem bylo \u201ebritsk\u00e9\u201c osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9 stolet\u00ed","description":"Dne\u0161n\u00ed zp\u016fsob \u017eivota, styl obl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed, stravu, zdrav\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f ovlivnilo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9 stolet\u00ed a jeho pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 revoluce. Tak historici ozna\u010duj\u00ed prudk\u00fd rozvoj tov\u00e1ren, kter\u00fd za\u010dal po vyn\u00e1lezu sp\u0159\u00e1dac\u00edho stroje. Jeho autorem je anglick\u00fd tkadlec James Hargreaves, kter\u00fd sv\u016fj stroj p\u0159edstavil v\u00a0roce 1764 ve sv\u00e9 lancastersk\u00e9 d\u00edln\u011b a nazval jej \u201eJenny\u201c. Od t\u00e9 […]","datePublished":"2019-12-16","dateModified":"2023-05-03","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.spov.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.spov.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/40b5f3ce562f556955b189273c919e65fd2efecc17411a60d9172af88d0e5d58?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/40b5f3ce562f556955b189273c919e65fd2efecc17411a60d9172af88d0e5d58?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"spov.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.spov.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a364879_w4185_t1578120365.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.spov.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a364879_w4185_t1578120365.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.spov.cz\/zlomem-bylo-britske-osmnacte-stoleti\/","about":["Technika"],"wordCount":449,"articleBody":"Dne\u0161n\u00ed zp\u016fsob \u017eivota, styl obl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed, stravu, zdrav\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f ovlivnilo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9 stolet\u00ed a jeho pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 revoluce.Tak historici ozna\u010duj\u00ed prudk\u00fd rozvoj tov\u00e1ren, kter\u00fd za\u010dal po vyn\u00e1lezu sp\u0159\u00e1dac\u00edho stroje. Jeho autorem je anglick\u00fd tkadlec James Hargreaves, kter\u00fd sv\u016fj stroj p\u0159edstavil v\u00a0roce 1764 ve sv\u00e9 lancastersk\u00e9 d\u00edln\u011b a nazval jej \u201eJenny\u201c. Od t\u00e9 chv\u00edle mohli soukrom\u00ed tkalci sp\u0159\u00e1dat vln\u011bn\u00e1 a bavln\u011bn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna na p\u0159\u00edzi za pou\u017eit\u00ed \u0159ady v\u0159eten ot\u00e1\u010den\u00fdch jednou klikou.\u00a0T\u00edm do\u0161lo k\u00a0prudk\u00e9mu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdroby l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159enesla do prvn\u00edch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch tov\u00e1ren. Tkalcovstv\u00ed tak p\u0159estalo b\u00fdt pouze dopl\u0148kovou prac\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f.P\u0159ed pr\u016fmyslovou revoluc\u00ed toti\u017e \u017eili lid\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0mal\u00fdch vesnic\u00edch a pracovali na poli. V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu revoluce a po n\u00ed se v\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f stala tov\u00e1rn\u00edmi d\u011bln\u00edky a p\u0159est\u011bhovala se do m\u011bst. Revoluc\u00ed v\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed se uvolnila levn\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edla a nov\u011b zalo\u017een\u00e9 kolonie se staly obrovsk\u00fdm odbyti\u0161t\u011bm pr\u016fmyslu. Tento stav bohu\u017eel nahr\u00e1val st\u00e1le bohat\u0161\u00edm tov\u00e1rn\u00edk\u016fm a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed rozd\u00edly nabraly mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch rozm\u011br\u016f.O sedm let pozd\u011bji vylep\u0161il Hargreaves\u016fv syst\u00e9m anglick\u00fd technik Richard Arkwright, kdy\u017e nahradil ru\u010dn\u00ed pohon vodn\u00edm kolem. \u0160lo o rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed obrat v\u00a0pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluci, kter\u00fd prudce zv\u00fd\u0161il v\u00fdrobu i snahu \u0159ady technik\u016f patentovat sv\u00e9 vyn\u00e1lezy. Technologick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj tak nabral na obr\u00e1tk\u00e1ch.Jen o p\u00e1r let pozd\u011bji p\u0159edstavil James Watt sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed parn\u00ed stroj, kter\u00fd brzy nahradil v\u00a0tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch vodu jako hlavn\u00ed zdroj energie. N\u00e1sledovaly dal\u0161\u00ed vyn\u00e1lezy, kter\u00e9 registrovaly patentov\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Za\u010daly se stav\u011bt nov\u00e9 technick\u00e9 \u0161koly a univerzity, do\u0161lo k\u00a0prudk\u00e9mu technologick\u00e9mu pokroku nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d v\u0161emi sm\u011bry.\u00a0Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie byla prvn\u00ed\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Revoluce za\u010dala v\u00a0Brit\u00e1nii koncem osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, ve Francii, USA a N\u011bmecku k\u00a0n\u00ed do\u0161lo a\u017e v\u00a0prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed.\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00a0roce 1713 objevil Abraham Darby, \u017ee p\u0159i hromadn\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b \u017eeleza je lep\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat koks m\u00edsto d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed.\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00a0roce 1784 zjistil Henry Cort, jak lze odstran\u011bn\u00edm ne\u010distot z\u00a0litiny vyr\u00e1b\u011bt tepan\u00e9 \u017eelezo. \u017delezo se tak stalo hlavn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                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